TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page
Approval Page
Certification
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Table of Contents
List of Tables
List of Figures
Abstract
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background to the Study
Statement of the Problem
Purpose of the Study
Specific Objectives
Research Questions
Hypothesis
Significance of the Study
Scope of the Study
Operational Definition of Terms
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
Conceptual Review
Concept of Psychoactive Substance
Specific Psychoactive Substances
Concept of Psychoactive Substance Use Causes of Psychoactive substance use Pattern of Psychoactive Use/Abuse
Problem Associated with Psychoactive Substance Use
Effect of Substance Abuse
Symptom of Psychoactive Substance Dependence
Treatment Modalities of Psychoactive Substance Abuse
Laws and Policies on Psychoactive Substance Use
Concept of Adolescence
FactorsInfluencing Adolescence Behavior
Review of Related Theories
Application of Social Learning Theory
PeerClusterTheory
Application of Peer Cluster Theory to Present Research
Review of Empirical Studies
Summary of Reviewed Literature
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHOD
Research Design
Area of Study
Population for Study
Sampling Procedure
Instrument for Data Collection
Validity of the Instrument
Reliability of the Instrument
Ethical Consideration
Procedure for Data Collection
Method for Data Analysis
CHAPTER FOUR
PRESENTATION OF RESULTS
Results
Hypothesis 1:
Hypothesis 2:
Hypothesis 3:
Summary of findings
CHAPTER FIVE
DISCUSSION OF MAJOR FINDINGS
Discussion of Major Findings
Implication of the Study to Nursing Practice
Summary of the Study
Conclusion
Delimitation of The Study
Recommendations
Suggestions for Further Studies
References
ABSTRACT
The study was designed to determine prevalence and patterns of Psychoactive Substance use among Senior Secondary School Students in Dala Local Government Area (LGA), Kano State Nigeria. The study adopted a cross sectional descriptive survey design. Simple random sampling procedure was used to select two Secondary Schools out of the ten Government Senior Secondary School in Dala LGA, of Kano State. Both Schools have a combined population of 2293 students made up 1202 boys and 1096 girls. The two Schools sample were Government Secondary School Kurna Asabe for boys and Government Senior Secondary School Kuka bulukiya for girls. The instrument for Data collection was a WHO Youth Drug Survey (WHOYDSQ) adapted questionnaire. The reliability of the instrument was established using a test re-test and computed using Pearson Moment Correlation. Coefficient of 0.82 was obtained. Data generated was subjected to descriptive statistics and analysed using Chi-square. The prevalence of psychoactive substance use among Government Senior Secondary School in Dala LGA, of Kano State shows that majority (91.1%) of the respondents have been using psychoactive substances. The commonest substances used were kola nut (87.4%), tobacco (15%) and cannabis (5.5%). more than half of the users of each of the substances take it occasionally, using them on one to five days in a month except kolanut taken on twenty or more days in a month. They include male (52.9%), female (47.1%). Majority (68.1%) of the respondents were between 18-20 years. Most of the respondents who use psychoactive substances were introduced by their friends (60.6%), family (27.6%) and by nobody (5.7%). Most (27.9%) first use kolanut at the age less than 10 years, alcoholic beverages at the age of 11-12years (25.6%) while others like tobacco, cannabis at 19-and above years (38.3%). Major reasons for using psychoactive substance include to be sociable (25.4%) and for enjoyment (24.4%). There was significant difference (p < 0.05) between Males and females in psychoactive substance use. The pattern of use is dependent on the type of psychoactive substances (p < 0.05). Also the psychoactive substances use based on lifetime use is dependent on the age at first use (p < 0.05). In conclusion the prevalence of substance abuse among Senior Secondary School students is high as such Government, Parents and Teachers needs to joint hands and address the problems.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background to the Study
Psychoactive Substance use and dependence cause a significant burden to the individuals and societies throughout the world. The World Health Report (2010) indicated that 8.9% of the total burden of disease comes from the use of psychoactive substances. The report showed that tobacco accounted for 4.1%, alcohol 4%, and illicit drugs 0.8% of the burden of disease in 2010. Much of the burden attributable to substance use and dependence is the result of a wide variety of health and social problems. Data from the (World Health Organization, 2011) show large-scale seizures of cocaine, heroin, cannabis and amphetamine-type stimulants in different parts of the world. Availability of cocaine, heroin and cannabis depends on the level of cultivation in source countries and on the success or failure of trafficking organizations. However, even with increased levels of law enforcement activities, there always seems to be enough available to users. According to (UNODC, 2011) estimates show that about 200 million people make illicit use of one type of illicit substance or another.
Psychoactive substance use is a social problem that has spread and increased rapidly in educational institutions especially among secondary school students (Neeraja, 2011). This social problem is considered an issue of serious concern as it adversely affects the lives and performance of students involved as well as the harmonious functioning of the entire structure of the society. Use of psychoactive drugs and other associated problems are inimical to the survival and effective functioning of human societies. A significant number of untimely deaths and accidents have been linked to the activities of persons under the influence of one psychoactive drug or the other (Shelly, 2010)....
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